Plagiarism

PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism is using someone else's work in your designs or saying that it is your own. Plagiarism can have some big consequences such as lawsuits and social condemnation, accidental plagiarism is still plagiarism such as coincidental plagiarism or not knowing what it is and using someone else's work as influence. There are many different ways in which you can plagiarise, such as using someone else's layout, design or the way the work looks however you cannot plagiarise an idea or style.
http://www.plagiarism.org/plagiarism-101/what-is-plagiarism/

HOMAGE

Homage is where you take influence from other artists or add to their work as a tribute to it but you always have to give credit to the original creator or where you found the influence from.

The difference between homage and plagiarism is that with plagiarism is morally corrupt and usually the plagiariser knows what they're doing and uses ways to avoid being caught whereas homage is more of a known influence from an artist and has credit to them too, as well as it usually benefits the original artist.
http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/homage

LEARNING THROUGH COPYING

Copying work is a vital learning process for any beginning artist. It helps them to learn how to draw subjects, to understand the shapes and what colours work well together as well as learning how to layout their work. However doing this as a professional artist is extremely unprofessional and is usually the cause of plagiarism.
http://www.dezeen.com/2013/08/08/opinion-tomas-libertiny-on-copying-in-design/

CASES OF PLAGIARISM

BTOY VS NISSAN

Recently, Nissan created an advertisement for their new car, and used a background that had an artist named Btoy's artwork within it but changed slightly. The work on their ad isn't completely similar to Btoy's work as slight changes have been made to it which shows that whoever created the advertisement for Nissan knew that it was Btoy's design, or knew that it was illegal and unprofessional to take the artists design, and tried to change it so it would go unnoticed. 
It looks as if the design has been photoshopped for the advertisement too, as in the car has been digitally placed in front of a wall. 
Btoy spoke about it and said that the work on the wall wasn't even from their original wall that the art was on but instead was in one of their published design books, thus making the argument that they put street art on a wall that they didn't possess in  the first place void. 
It isn't necessarily Nissan that are the culprits of this plagiarism though, it's their advertising team that has thrown them into this lawsuit against Btoy.
http://youthoughtwewouldntnotice.com/blog3/2007/03/31/nissay-btoy/ 

Btoy's design vs Nissan's ad http://justcreative.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/02/plagiarism/GraphicDesignPlagiarism2.jpg

SHEPHARD FAIREY

Shephard Fairey is a street artist that is most well known for his work of Andre the Giant. There is no actual evidence he can draw as he displays none of the line, modelling and other idiosyncrasies that reveal an artist's unique personal style, his work appears to be more machine made, he duplicates people's work and passes it off as his own original artwork not just as an influence of someones style as he uses direct imagery from others artwork.  
He launched his career with 'Andre the Giant has a posse' which was based on the wrestler, Andre the Giant and in 1993, Titan Sports (The company behind Andre the Giant) threatened to sue Fairey, making him change the design by just putting 'Obey' on it instead. 

I found a critique by artist Mark Vallen on Shephard Fairey's plagiarism, and he looked at a multitude of different times Fairey has plagiarised and compared them with their originals. Fairey seems to mainly use old Russian propaganda posters during the Soviet Revolution. 
http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/

'Fairey toys with the veneer of radical politics, but his views are hollow and non-committal.' Quote from A critique by artist Mark Vallen on Plagiarist Shepard Fairey

Left image, is from Michael Anderson's film, 1984 and right is Shephard Fairey's design.
http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/

Left is a design by artist Vladimir Kozlinsky in 1919, middle top is Shephard Fairey's version. 
Right is 'Have You Volunteered?' by Dmitry Moor, middle bottom is Shephard Fairey's version.  
http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/

In 2006, Fairey printed a near exact copy of a skull that he found from some artwork, he changed the original design only be adding the words OBEY: Defiant since '89, along with a small star with the Andre the Giant design in it. The design was reproduced as a t-shirt and sold on his website. 
Wal-Mart then began printing the same t-shirt and reproducing it at their stores, however a shopper saw it at Wal-Mart and realised it was the infamous logo belonging to the Gestapo, which is the Nazi secret state police that were Adolf Hitlers own personal bodyguards as well as the administrators of the concentration camps where the genocide of Jewish people happened. 
Wal-Mart's t-shirt became a nationwide controversy, with people screaming for the t-shirts to be taken off the shelves, which they were. However this brought Shephard Fairey's responsibility for manufacturing and selling the t-shirt first to light too and when confronted by the website, comsumerist.com, Fairey said "When I made that graphic I was referencing a biker logo and it was only brought up to me later that it was the SS skull." In the same set of remarks, Fairey also protested that he was 'anti-fascist and pro-peace' however what kind of anti-fascist doesnt recognize the symbols used by the Nazi regime? His only defense is full-blown ignorance. 
http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/

Death head logo of Nazi Gestapo  http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/ Shephard Fairey, t-shirt design  http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/

Sources

http://stormingtheivorytower.blogspot.co.uk/2014/09/sheeple-obey-their-shepard-tales-of.html

http://www.art-for-a-change.com/Obey/#m

http://justcreative.com/2008/02/20/graphic-design-plagiarism-rip-offs/

https://lorelle.wordpress.com/2006/04/10/what-do-you-do-when-someone-steals-your-content/

http://youthoughtwewouldntnotice.com/blog3/2007/03/31/nissay-btoy/

http://www.dezeen.com/2013/08/08/opinion-tomas-libertiny-on-copying-in-design/

Graffiti Propaganda

BANKSY

Banksy is an infamous anonymous street artist that creates rebellious propaganda type street art, his work deals with the human conditions of greed, poverty, despair and hypocrisy as well as alienation. 

Banksy

Banky's work functions almost like political cartoons, in order to really understand them you have to be able to understand the immediate political situation and be politically informed. 

His blunt messages through his art are why the modern youth like them so much, his work mocks central power with hopes that it will show the public that though power does exist and it works against you, that power is not all that efficient and can be and should be deceived and rebelled against. 

Banksy's work tends to be bold and sweeping, his distinct style makes it difficult to mistake his work for anyone else. His incorporation of surrealism, such as a dog shooting a record player (below), allows his vision to remain fresh and modern. 

Sources
http://banksy.co.uk/index1.asp
http://artandpoliticalwarfare.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/banksy.html
http://thefindmag.com/art/art-banksys-fatal-flaw/

Colour Theory

COLOUR THEORY

Colour Theory creates a basic structure for the use of colour within art and how you can use it to accentuate your art. It can be used to enforce mood, temperature, it can be used to reference other art or to give the work a certain time frame or the texture of how the colour is used can make work seem soft and gentle or hard and shocking. 

Warm Colours

Red, Orange, Yellow, Brown

Cold Colours

Blue, Purple, Green

As you can see with the image below, colours can change visually with the colour they're paired with, the red square in the black looks bigger than the others, and the white box makes the red square look smaller. 

As a general rule, painting with colour usually looks more visually appealing if you use a darker shade of a colour rather than pure black or a lighter shade of a colour instead of white.

RGB VS CMYK

RGB STANDS FOR RED, GREEN AND BLUE.

CMYK STANDS FOR CERULEAN, MAGENTA, YELLOW AND BLACK.

Anything dealing with the web should always be in RGB, whereas printed material should be in CMYK. 

The reason behind printing in CMYK is necessary is because back in the printing days, before computers, each colour in CMYK had its own plate, the printed would lay down one color, wait for it to dry and then move onto the next colour and the next, waiting for each to dry. 

Printing presses still work on this format excluding offset printers that can use a 'spot' colour which can be added to achieve a specific colour swatch. 

However modern printers can also print in RGB now too but the standard is still the same, CMYK on printing needs as the colour will appear different if printed in RGB. 

However with RGB, computer monitors give off a colour light known as RGB and have a larger color gamut than printing, which is why a computer can display more colours than a printer can process. Printing deals with absorption and reflection of wavelengths which we percieve as color (CMYK). 

Sources 

http://www.colormatters.com/color-and-design/basic-color-theory

http://cruxcreative.com/rgb-vs-cmyk-when-to-use-which-and-why/

Animal Farm Communism Representations

ANIMAL FARM COMMUNISM REPRESENTATIONS

Below are a list of the representations of the Russian Revolution within Animal Farm. These were intentional by the author, George Orwell.

Manor Farm represents Russia during the Russian Revolution. 

Anonymous, Poster for Russian Revolution

USSR Flag

Animal Farm represents the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics abbreviation).

Animalism represents the Marxist Communism which is a belief based around economic and political theory and is a practice originated by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that states that actions and human institutions are economically determined, that the class struggle is the basic agency of historical change, and that capitalism will ultimately be succeeded by communism. 

Marx Engels Lenin Stalin, Unknown Artist (marxengelsleninstalin2.jpg)

REPRESENTATION OF CHARACTERS

'Other farmers represent the Tsarists.

The Pigs represent the Communist party leaders.

The lower down animals such as the Sheep represent the Proletarian people.

The dogs raised by Napoleon represent Russia's KGB.

Old Major represents Karl Marx.

Farmer Jones represents Tsar Nicholas II.

Napoleon represents Josef Stalin.

Snowball represents Leon Trotsky.

Squealer represents the propagandist Vyachaslav Molotov.

Moses the raven represents state religion (Russian Orthodox Church).

Foxwood (Mr. Pilkington) represents Britain and America (the Allies).

Pinchfield (Mr. Frederick) represents Germany and possibly Adolf Hitler.

"The Barnyard Speech" made by Old Major represents The Communist Manifesto.

"Beasts of England" represents "L'International' / "To the Men of England".

The Animal revolt (battle of the cowshed) represents the Soviet Revolution, or the October Revolution.

Battle of the windmill  represents the German invasion of Russia during WWII.

The animal executions (Snowball, and other lower animals) represent Stalin's Great Purge during the 1930's.

The starvation of the animals represents Holodomor (The Ukrainian famine).'

Source
http://quizlet.com/2684786/animal-farm-communism-relationship-flash-cards/

The several attempts to build the windmill represent Stalin's five year plans.

And the final meeting with the humans and animals represent the Tehran Conference, where Stalin met with Roosevelt and Churchill.

Exit Through The Gift Shop (2010) Illustration

EXIT THROUGH THE GIFT SHOP (2010)

Invader

I watched Exit Through The Gift Shop (2010), so I could get a clearer perspective on street artists and how they risked a lot for their art. 

Invader

It's about french amateur film maker Thierry Guetta, who's goal is to find and befriend Banksy. It begins with the guy recording and telling the audience about Invader, an infamous street artist who tags with a small space invader and 8-bit style work generally made up of tiles. 

It then goes on to how Thierry finds Shephard Fairey and goes around tagging walls and spaces with him, before he manages to find Banksy and befriend him. 

Shephard Fairey, Obey Andre The Giant Tag

The entire time Thierry tells the street artists that he's making a documentary on street art when in actual fact he just likes recording stuff. 

When Banksy finally asks to see the footage, he realises Thierry isn't making a film and helps him make one instead. 

Apparently before Banksy stepped in, what Thierry had done was 'unwatchable'. 

Publishing for Illustration

Publishing Companies located in the UK

Thames & Hudson
Thames & Hudson is a New York based company but with subsidiary companies in Melbourne, Singapore and Hong Kong. It attracts many designers, artists, photographers and authors because of its high quality content, it also has a current backlist of over 2000 titles. 

Iznik, The Artistry of Ottoman Ceramics by Walter B. Denny

One of its best-known and most envied publishing ventures is the World of Art series, in which well over 200 titles have been published over the last 30 years.

Concepts of Modern Art, Nikos Stangos

Octopus Books 
Octopus Books is a publishing company in the UK that works with high profile authors and associations to produce books. Octopus Books also currently have a job application for freelance illustrators to submit their work, 

'We are always keen to hear from experienced production professionals interested in taking on some titles on an ad-hoc basis.  If you have hands-on four-colour book production experience, a keen eye for detail, advanced IT skills including Biblio, InDesign, and previous use of a Mac please do get in touch.'

Eco House Book, Terence Conran

Woman as Design, Stephen Bayley

Bibliography

http://www.thamesandhudson.com/thameshudson.html
https://www.hachette.co.uk/Articles/Vacancies/Production+Freelance+Temp+Work+Octopus+Publishing+Group.page
https://www.octopusbooks.co.uk/About%20Us.page